Understanding Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

The Stages and Symptoms of LGV

LGV typically progresses in three stages:

1. Primary Stage: A few days to a month after exposure, a small, painless sore or ulcer appears at the site of infection (e.g., penis, anus, or throat). This sore often goes unnoticed and heals quickly on its own.
2. Secondary Stage: Two to six weeks later, the bacteria spread to the lymph nodes, causing them to become painfully swollen. In men, this most often affects the lymph nodes in the groin, creating tender swellings called "buboes." If the initial infection was in the anus, the lymph nodes deep in the pelvis can become inflamed, causing rectal pain, discharge, and bloody stools (proctitis).
3. Late Stage: If left untreated, LGV can cause chronic, severe inflammation leading to scarring, blockages of the lymphatic system (causing genital elephantiasis or swelling), and strictures or fistulas in the rectum. This can lead to permanent damage.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis can be made by taking a swab from the sore or an infected lymph node for testing. Blood tests can also detect antibodies to the chlamydia bacteria.

Unlike common chlamydia, which can be treated with a short course of antibiotics, LGV requires a longer course. The standard treatment is a 21-day course of the antibiotic Doxycycline.

It is crucial that all recent sexual partners are also tested and treated to prevent further spread of this serious infection.